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71.
Dian Ding Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Jiming Hao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(5):76
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为掌握冲击荷载下一定范围内地基土的应变发展、分布和变化规律,采用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)技术,通过在级配连续的均匀密砂地基中水平埋设三层传感光纤,获得了不同落球高度条件下土体内部应变的动态响应。试验结果表明,各组试验中土体应变经历了幂律增长、线性增长、幂律减小(回弹)和残余应变(稳定)的四个阶段。土体达到峰值应变的时刻存在高度一致性,试验中测得约为100 ms;冲击荷载的影响深度在20 cm左右,为钢球直径的4~5倍。在相同FBG埋深条件下,土体应变随钢球落高增加呈近线性增长;在相同钢球落高条件下,土体应变随FBG埋深增加呈指数减小。研究成果对揭示土体应变发展机理、估算地基土体强度参数和快速测定含水率的进一步探索具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
74.
Chenchen Li Lijie Yan Yiming Li Dan Zhang Mutai Bao Limei Dong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):72
75.
Liu YANG Ye WU Jiaqi LI Shaojie SONG Xuan ZHENG Jiming HAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(4):675
Mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were measured near major roads in Beijing during six periods: summer and winter of 2001, winter of 2007, and periods before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Since the control efforts for motor vehicles helped offset the increase of emissions from the rapid growth of vehicles, the averaged PM2.5 concentrations at roadsides during the sampling period between 2001 and 2008 fluctuated over a relatively small range. With the implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the Olympics, a clear “V” shaped curve showing the concentrations of particulate matter and other gaseous air pollutants at roadsides over time was identified. The average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NO decreased by 31.2%, 46.3%, 32.3% and 35.4%, respectively, from June to August; this was followed by a rebound of all air pollutants in December 2008. Daily PM10 concentrations near major roads exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Grade II) for 61.2% of the days in the non-Olympic periods, while only for 12.5% during the Olympics. The mean ratio of PM2.5/PM10 near major roads remained relatively stable at 0.55 (±0.108) on non-Olympic days. The ratio decreased to 0.48 (±0.099) during the Olympics due to a greater decline in fine particles than in coarse-mode PM. The ratios PM1/PM2.5 fluctuated over a wide range and were statistically different from each other during the sampling periods. The average ratios of PM1/PM2.5 on non-Olympic days were 0.71. 相似文献
76.
Shuxiao Wang Lei Zhang Long Wang Qingru Wu Fengyang Wang Jiming Hao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(5):631-649
Mercury, as a global pollutant, has significant impacts on the environment and human health. The current state of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. With about 500-800 t of anthropogenic mercury emissions, China contributes 25%-40% to the global mercury emissions. The dominant mercury emission sources in China are coal combustion, non-ferrous metal smelting, cement production and iron and steel production. The mercury emissions from natural sources in China are equivalent to the anthropogenic mercury emissions. The atmospheric mercury concentration in China is about 2-10 times the background level of North Hemisphere. The mercury deposition fluxes in remote areas in China are usually in the range of 10-50μg·m^-2·yr^-1. To reduce mercury emissions, legislations have been enacted for power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters and waste incinerators. Currently mercury contented in the flue gas is mainly removed through existing air pollution control devices for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particles. Dedicated mercury control technologies are required in the future to further mitigate the mercury emissions in China. 相似文献
77.
Suzanne McDermott Weichao Bao C. Marjorie Aelion Bo Cai Andrew B. Lawson 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(6):1191-1197
Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with a number of maternal environmental exposures during pregnancy. This study explored the association between soil metal concentrations around the home where the mother lived during pregnancy and the outcome of LBW. We used a retrospective cohort of 9,920 mother–child pairs who were insured by Medicaid during pregnancy and lived in ten residential areas, where we conducted soil sampling. We used a grid that overlaid the residential areas and collected soil samples at the grid intersections. The soil was analyzed for the concentration of eight metals [arsenic (As), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and mercury (Hg)], and we then used Bayesian Kriging to estimate the concentration at the actual maternal addresses, since we had the GIS coordinates of the homes. We used generalized additive modeling, because the metal concentrations had nonlinear associations with LBW, to develop the best fitting multivariable model for estimating the risk of LBW. The final model showed significant associations for female infants, maternal smoking during pregnancy, non-white mothers, Cu, and As with LBW. The As variable was nonlinear in relation to LBW, and the association between higher concentrations of As with LBW was strong (p = 0.002). We identified a statistically significant association between soil concentrations of arsenic around the home of pregnant women and an increased risk of LBW for her infant. 相似文献
78.
选取太湖富营养化相对较严重的梅梁湾北部(ML)与西五里湖(WL)为研究对象,对沉积物及其间隙水中的无机硫形态进行了分析.结果表明,WL 和ML 间隙水中Fe2+的平均含量分别为72.1~162.7µmol/L 和63.0~182.7µmol/L,是∑S2-的18 倍和6 倍,分析认为,太湖沉积物中的还原环境是以Fe3+为主导而并非SO42-.沉积物中酸性可挥发性硫化物(AVS)的含量为1.0~11.7µmol/g,在未受污染湖泊范围之内.黄铁矿态硫(Pyrite-S)/AVS>3,表明AVS 能够高效地转化为黄铁矿,也说明黄铁矿是SO42-还原的主要产物.沉积物中黄铁矿化程度(DOP)<10%、硫化程度(DOS)<14%,说明黄铁矿的形成主要受SO42-的控制. 相似文献
79.
80.
橡胶种植对纳板河流域热带雨林生态系统的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过实地调查数据对云南纵向岭谷区纳板河自然保护区热带雨林生态系统(包括不同海拔高度的3个样地),不同种植年限的人工橡胶林(分别为种植8 a、种植20 a和种植30 a的3个样地)及1个次生林样地,植被和土壤的比较研究,定量分析了橡胶种植对热带雨林生态系统的影响.研究结果表明,①热带雨林随海拔高度的下降,生物量和土壤养分含量均呈增加趋势;中海拔热带雨林物种丰富度最高,群落层次丰富.②热带雨林开采为橡胶林之后,群落层次结构简单化,物种多样性明显下降,地上生物量下降,土壤养分状况变劣,次生林介于二者之间.研究结果可以为该地区土地的持续利用与生物多样性保护提供依据. 相似文献